Seminar Topics

Seminar Topics free Download Pdf | PPT | Doc

Showing posts with label MCA seminars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MCA seminars. Show all posts

Touch Screen Technology

 ,    

Abstract :
Touchscreen technology is the direct manipulation type gesture based technology. Direct manipulation is the ability to manipulate digital world inside a screen without the use of command-line-commands.
A device which works on touchscreen technology is coined as Touchscreen. A touchscreen is an electronic visual display capable of ‘detecting’ and effectively ‘locating’ a touch over its display area.
It is sensitive to the touch of a human finger, hand, pointed finger nail and passive objects like stylus. Users can simply move things on the screen, scroll them, make them bigger and many more.

Wireless Lan Security

 ,    


Abstract :
802.11 wireless LAN security or lack of it remains at the top of most LAN administrators list of worries. The security for 802.11 is provided by the Wired Equivalency Policy (WEP) at the MAC layer for authentication and encryption The original goals of IEEE in defining WEP was to provide the equivalent security of an "unencrypted" wired network. The difference is the wired networks are somewhat protected by physical buildings they are housed in. On the wireless side, the same physical layer is open in the airwaves.

WiFi Technology

 , ,    


Abstract :
Wi-Fi is a Wireless technology that uses the radio frequency to transmit data through air. With the rise of Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , technology comes the rise of the hotspot -public access Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) that allow anyone with a Wi-Fi capable notebook or PDA to connect to the Internet or a corporate intranet in airports, hotels, coffee shops, or even campgrounds and fast food restaurants.

Wi-Fi hotspots are expected to have an important role in future provisioning of “anywhere, anytime” connectivity. They are quickly being deployed at locations that tend to attract nomadic users, such as cafes, airports, hotels, and conference centers
This paper contributes an alternative billing architecture using virtual prepaid tokens (VPTs) and experimentally evaluates its performance. Users buy VPTs at the point and time of access, using a third-party online payment server. Therefore, such an account is more flexible than is a conventional pay-per-use account, which can be used only to purchase access from a specific provider or set of providers.

Digital Cinema

 ,    


Abstract :
To understand the concept of digital cinemas, we need to understand about the film based cinematography – In a large number of cases (even today), the pictures are shot using analog film based cameras, then converted in to digital format for editing, mixing, re-recording and adding special effects and converted back to analog films for projecting them through the analog film based projectors.


Digital Cinemas use digital processes end to end – right from the capture (digital movies are shot using digital CCD based cameras with high resolution), storage (they are stored in digital tapes, hard disks or flash drives), processing (editing, mixing, re-recording, sound, special effects etc are handled in the digital format), display (digital cinema is displayed using digital projectors which are controlled by industry standard servers with management software in the theatres) and distribution (digital cinema copies are mostly transmitted electronically over the Internet or satellites or even hard disks).

How Digital Cinema Works

In addition to the equipment already found in a film-based movie theatre a DCI-compliant digital cinema screen requires a digital projector and a computer known as a "server" Movies are supplied to the theatre as a digital file called a Digital Cinema Package (DCP). For a typical feature film this file will be anywhere between 90 and 300GB of data (roughly two to six times the information of a Blu-ray disc) and may arrive as a physical delivery on a conventional computer hard-drive or via satellite or fibre-optic broadband. Currently (Dec 2013) physical deliveries are most common and have become the industry standard. Trailers arrive on a separate hard-drive and range between 200 and 400MB in size.

Regardless of how the DCP arrives it first needs to be copied onto the internal hard-drives of the server, usually via a USB port, a process known as "ingesting". DCPs can be, and in the case of feature films almost always are, encrypted. The necessary decryption keys are supplied separately, usually as email attachments and then "ingested" via USB. Keys are time limited and will expire after the end of the period for which the title has been booked. They are also locked to the hardware (server and projector) that is to screen the film, so if the theatre wishes to move the title to another screen or extend the run a new key must be obtained from the distributor.

The playback of the content is controlled by the server using a "playlist". As the name implies this is a list of all the content that is to be played as part of the performance, the playlist will be created by a member of the theatre's staff using proprietary software that runs on the server. In addition to listing the content to be played the playlist also includes automation cues that allow the playlist to control the projector, the sound system, auditorium lighting, tab curtains and screen masking (if present) etc. The playlist can be started manually, by clicking the "play" button on the server's monitor screen, or automatically at pre-set times.

E-Cinema

The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) began work on standards for digital cinema in 2000. It was clear by that point in time that HDTV did not provide a sufficient technological basis for the foundation of digital cinema playback. In Europe, India and Japan however, there is still a significant presence of HDTV for theatrical presentations. Agreements within the ISO standards body have led to these non-compliant systems being referred to as Electronic Cinema Systems (E-Cinema).

Digital cinema projectors

Only four manufacturers make DCI-approved digital cinema projectors; these are Sony, Barco, Christie and NEC. Except for Sony, who use their own SXRD technology, all use the Digital Light Processing technology developed by Texas Instruments (TI). Although D-Cinema projectors are similar in principle to digital projectors used in industry, education, and domestic 'home cinemas' they differ in two important respects: first, they must conform to the strict performance requirements of the DCI specification, second, they must incorporate anti-piracy devices intended to protect the content copyright. 

For these reasons all projectors intended to be sold to theaters for screening current release movies must be approved by the DCI before being put on sale. They now pass through a process called CTP (Compliance Test Plan). Because feature films in digital form are encrypted and the decryption keys (KDMs) are locked to the serial number of the server used (linking to both the projector serial number and server is planned in the future), a system will allow playback of a protected feature only with the required KDM.

 Download :
Digital Cinema seminar report download
PPT

Computer Viruses

 ,    


Abstract :
Computer viruses are called viruses because they share some of the traits of biological  viruses.  A  computer  virus  passes  from  computer  to  computer  like  a biological virus passes from person to person.
There are similarities at a deeper level, as well. A biological virus is not a living thing. A virus is a fragment of DNA inside a protective jacket. Unlike a cell, a virus has no way to do anything or to reproduce by itself -- it is not alive. Instead, a biological virus must inject its DNA into a cell. The viral DNA then uses the cell's existing machinery to reproduce itself. In some cases, the cell fills with new viral particles until it bursts, releasing the virus. In other cases, the new virus particles bud off the cell one at a time, and the cell remains alive.
A computer virus shares some of these traits. A computer virus must piggyback on top of some other program or document in order to get executed. Once it is running, it is then able to infect other programs or documents. Obviously, the analogy between computer and biological viruses stretches things a bit, but there are enough similarities that the name sticks.

When you listen to the news, you hear about many different forms of electronic infection. The most common are:

Viruses - A virus is a small piece of software that piggybacks on real programs. For example, a virus might attach itself to a program such as a spreadsheet program. Each time the spreadsheet program runs, the virus runs, too, and it has the chance to reproduce (by attaching to other programs) or wreak havoc.

E-mail viruses - An e-mail virus moves around in e-mail messages, and usually replicates  itself  by automatically mailing itself  to  dozensof people in  the victim's e-mail address book.
The latest thing in the world of computer viruses is the e-mail virus, and the Melissa virus in March 1999 was spectacular. Melissa spread in Microsoft Word documents sent via e-mail, and it worked like this:
Someone created the virus as a Word document uploaded to an Internet newsgroup. Anyone who downloaded the document and opened it would trigger the virus. The virus would then send the document (and therefore itself) in an e-mail message to the first 50 people in the person's address book. The e-mail message contained a friendly note  that  included  the  person's  name,  so  the  recipient  would  open  the  document thinking it was harmless. The virus would then create 50 new messages from the recipient's machine. As a result, the Melissa virus was the fastest-spreading virus ever seen! As mentioned earlier, it forced a number of large companies to shut down their e- mail systems.

The ILOVEYOU virus, which appeared on May 4, 2000, was even simpler. It contained a piece of code as an attachment. People who double clicked on the attachment allowed the code to execute. The code sent copies of itself to everyone in the victim's address book and then started corrupting files on the victim's machine. This is as simple as a virus can get. It is really more of a Trojan horse distributed by e-mail than it is a virus.

The Melissa virus took advantage of the programming language built into Microsoft Word called VBA, or Visual Basic for Applications. It is a complete programming language and it can be programmed to do things like modify files and send e-mail messages. It also has a useful but dangerous auto-execute feature. A programmer can insert a program into a document that runs instantly whenever the document is opened. This is how the Melissa virus was programmed. Anyone who opened a document
infected with Melissa would immediately activate the virus. It would send the 50 e- mails, and then infect a central file called NORMAL.DOT so that any file saved later would also contain the virus! It created a huge mess.

Microsoft applications have a feature called Macro Virus Protection built into them to prevent this sort of thing. With Macro Virus Protection turned on (the default option is ON), the auto-execute feature is disabled. So when a document tries to auto- execute viral code, a dialog pops up warning the user. Unfortunately, many people don't know what macros or macro viruses are, and when they see the dialog they ignore it, so the virus runs anyway. Many other people turn off the protection mechanism. So the Melissa virus spread despite the safeguards in place to prevent it.
In the case of the ILOVEYOU virus, the whole thing was human-powered. If a person double-clicked on the program that came as an attachment, then the
program ran and did its thing. What fueled this virus was the human willingness to double-click on the executable.

Worms  -  A  worm  is  a  small  piece  of  software  that  uses  computer networks and security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself to the new machine using the security hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well.

A worm is a computer program that has the ability to copy itself from machine to machine. Worms normally move around and infect other machines through computer networks. Using a network, a worm can expand from a single copy incredibly quickly. For example, the Code Red worm replicated itself over 250,000 times in approximately nine hours on July 19, 2001. A worm usually exploits some sort of security hole in a piece of software or the operating system. For example, the Slammer worm (which caused mayhem in January 2003) exploited a hole in Microsoft's SQL server. This article offers a fascinating look inside Slammer's tiny (376 byte) program. Worms use up computer time and network bandwidth when they are replicating, and they often have some sort of evil intent.

 Download :
Computer virus seminar report
PPT

Mobile Jammer

 , ,    


Abstract :
Disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any other type of radio communication A cell phone works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas, or cells. As a cell-phone user drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower.
A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base station in the tower.

It's a called a denial-of-service attack. The jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell-phone users within range of the jamming device.

HOW IT WORKS
Jamming devices overpower the cell phone by transmitting a signal on the same frequency and at a high enough power that the two signals collide and cancel each other out. Cell phones are designed to add power if they experience low-level interference, so the jammer must recognize and match the power increase from the phone.

Cell phones are full-duplex devices, which means they use two separate frequencies, one for talking and one for listening simultaneously. Some jammers block only one of the frequencies used by cell phones, which has the effect of blocking both. The phone is tricked into thinking there is no service because it can receive only one of the frequencies.

Less complex devices block only one group of frequencies, while sophisticated jammers can block several types of networks at once to head off dual-mode or tri-mode phones that automatically switch among different network types to find an open signal. Some of the high-end devices block all frequencies at once, and others can be tuned to specific frequencies.

To jam a cell phone, all you need is a device that broadcasts on the correct frequencies. Although different cellular systems process signals differently, all cell-phone networks use radio signals that can be interrupted. GSM, used in digital cellular and PCS-based systems, operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900-MHz (sometimes referred to  as  1.9-GHz)  band  in the  United  States. Jammers  can broadcast on  any frequency and  are effective  against  AMPS, CDMA,  TDMA,  GSM,  PCS,  DCS,  iDEN  and  Nextel systems.  Old- fashioned analog cell phones and today's digital devices are equally susceptible to jamming.

The actual range of the jammer depends on its power and the local environment, which may include hills or walls of a building that block the jamming signal. Low-powered jammers block calls in a range of about 30 feet (9 m). Higher-powered units create a cell-free zone as large as a football field. Units used by law enforcement can shut down service up to 1 mile (1.6 km) from the device

INSIDE A CELL-PHONE JAMMER
Electronically speaking, cell-phone jammers are very basic devices. The simplest just have an on/off switch and a light that indicates it's on. More complex devices have switches to activate jamming at different frequencies. Components of a jammer include:
Antenna:-
Every jamming device has an antenna to send the signal. Some are contained within an electrical cabinet. On stronger devices, antennas are external to provide longer range and may be tuned for individual frequencies.
Circuitry :-
The main electronic components of a jammer are:
Voltage-controlled oscillator - Generates the radio signal that will interfere with the cell phone signal
Tuning circuit - Controls the frequency at which the jammer broadcasts its signal by sending a particular voltage to the oscillator
Noise generator - Produces random electronic output in a specified frequency range to jam the cell-phone network signal (part of the tuning circuit)
RF amplification (gain stage) - Boosts the power of the radio frequency output to high enough levels to jam a signal

 Power supply :-
Smaller jamming devices are battery operated. Some look like cell phone and use cell- phone batteries. Stronger devices can be plugged into a standard outlet or wired into a vehicle's electrical system.

 Download :
Mobile Jammer seminar download
PPT

Sixth Sense Technology

 ,    


Abstract :
We  humans,  interact  with the world  using  our  five  senses.  But  as the  name suggests this technology brings forward an additional sixth sense. A sixth sense is an ESP(Extra Sensory Perception) that  aims at  a more developed  future with  both the physical and digital  world connected without the help of hardware devices. We come a step nearer to this goal of the sixth sense by the introduction of sixth sense technology.


The sixth sense technology employs a sixth sense which is in reality a wearable pendent like device. This device is actually a mini projector coupled with a camera and a cell phone, designed for obeying hand gestures. Using simple hand gestures, touch screens can be obtained from any surface for various applications.

The origin of sixth sense technology can be  traced back to Steve Mann who implemented a wearable computer in the form of neck-projector coupled with a camera system in 1990.In later years, following his footsteps, Pranav Mistry ,a young research scientist at MIT came up with new applications of this technology. Thus, the sixth sense technology was developed at Media labs in MIT and was coined as Wear Ur World (WUW).
The device has various applications such as the drawing application in which movement of the index finger is recognized and the user can draw on any surface. The other applications include mapping, reading newspaper, checking time by drawing a wrist watch etc. Other than being portable, this device also serves as a computer and saves time spent on searching information.

This sixth sense technology provides us with the freedom of interacting with the digital world using hand gestures. This technology has a wide application in the field of artificial intelligence. This methodology can aid in synthesis of bots that will be able to interact with humans.

This technology enables people to interact in the digital world as if they are interacting in the real world. The Sixth Sense prototype implements several applications that demonstrate the usefulness, viability and flexibility of the system.

COMPONENTS
The hardware components are coupled in a pendant like mobile wearable device.
    Camera
     Projector
     Mirror
     Mobile Component
     Color Markers

Camera: If there is any object in view, then the object is recognized by the webcam and using computer-vision based techniques the user’s gestures are tracked and it sends the data to the Smartphone.

Projector: The projector projects the visual information on any surface, including the object itself or your hand. The project itself contains a battery inside, with 3 hours of battery life. The projector showcases the information enabling surfaces, walls and physical objects around us to be used as interfaces.

Mirror: The downward-facing projector projects the output image on to the mirror
And the mirror reflects this image on to the desired surface.

Mobile Component: The mobile devices like the Smartphone are used to handle connection to the internet. Using mobile internet data and voice can be communicated across the world either by  transmitting  or  by  receiving  it.  Similarly  video  data  can also  be  processed  by  a  web enabled Smartphone.

WORKING
The object in view in captured by the camera and sends it to webcam for processing. With the help of the markers, the gestures are identified. The software program analyses the video data caught by the camera and also tracks down

The locations of the colored markers by utilizing single computer vision techniques. The software recognizes 3 kinds of gestures:
     Multitouch gestures
     Freehand gestures
     Iconic gestures
Then the processed  information is projected by the projector onto the mirror which  in turn reflects it on the desired surface.

 Download :
Sixth sense technology seminar download
PPT

Online Internet Marketing

 ,    


Abstract :
Online marketing refers to the use of the Internet and digital media capabilities to help sell your products or services. These digital technologies are a valuable addition to traditional marketing approaches regardless of the size and type of your business. E-marketing is also referred to as Internet marketing (i-marketing), online marketing or web-marketing.
As with conventional marketing, e-marketing is creating a strategy that helps businesses deliver the right messages and product/services to the right audience. It consists of all activities and processes with the purpose of finding, attracting, winning and retaining customers. What has changed is its wider scope and options compared to conventional marketing methods.

Online marketing is deemed to be broad in scope, because it not only refers to marketing and promotions over the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless media. E- marketing also embraces the management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) and several other business management functions.

Online marketing joins creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including: design, development, advertising and sales. It includes the use of a website in combination with online promotional techniques such as search engine marketing (SEM), social medial marketing, interactive online ads, online directories, e-mail marketing, affiliate marketing, viral marketing and so on. The digital technologies used as delivery and communication mediums within the scope of e-marketing include:

Internet media such as websites and e-mail
Digital media such as wireless, mobile, cable and satellite.
Online marketing objectives
Online marketing objectives define what you want to achieve through your e-marketing campaign. They set the reasons why your business wants to go online and allow you to estimate and monitor the progress of your online marketing activities. They also provide an incentive to focus on critical areas and formulate strategies to help achieve intended objectives.

Different businesses may develop different e-marketing objectives depending on their individual circumstances. A useful framework for developing effective e-marketing objectives is the five S’s framework, which includes:

1.   Sell –  using the internet to sell products and services
2.   Serve – using the internet to serve customers
3.   Speak – using the internet to communicate with  customers (both existing and potential)
4.   Save – using the internet to save/ reduce cost
5.   Sizzle – using the internet to build brand identity

When setting your e-marketing objectives, you need to make sure that they are:
Specific – specify what is to be achieved
Measureable – expressed in measurable terms such as key performance indicators, outcomes, numbers, percentage, dollars, etc.
Action-oriented – state which actions need to be taken and who will take them
Realistic – achievable with the resources available
Time Specific – establish specified time frames. Examples of some typical e-marketing objectives could be:
To achieve 20% online sales within the first year of launching online marketing campaigns.
To increase online sales for all products by 15% in 2011.
To grow email coverage to 50% of the current customer base by the end of next year.
To reduce the annual cost of direct marketing by 20% through e-mail marketing.
To improve brand awareness, brand favourability and purchase intent by surveying 300 online customers each month.

 Download :
Online internet marketing seminar download
PPT

Distributed Computing

 ,    


Abstract :
A distributed computing architecture consists of very lightweight software agents installed on a number of client systems, and one or more dedicated distributed computing management servers. There may also be requesting clients with software that allows them to submit jobs along with lists of their required resources.

An agent running on a processing client detects when the system is idle, notifies the management server that the system is available for processing, and usually requests an
application package. The client then receives an application package from the server and runs the software when it has spare CPU cycles, and sends the results back to the server. If the user of the client system needs to run his own applications at any time, control is immediately returned, and processing of the distributed application package ends.

Distributed Computing Management Server
The servers have several roles. They take distributed computing requests and divide their large processing tasks into smaller tasks that can run on individual desktop systems (though sometimes this is done by a requesting system). They send application packages and some client management software to the idle client machines that request them. They monitor the status of the jobs being run by the clients. After the client machines run those packages, they assemble the results sent back by the client and structure them for presentation, usually with the help of a database.

The server is also likely to manage any security, policy, or other management functions as necessary, including handling dialup users whose connections and IP addresses are inconsistent. Obviously the complexity of a distributed computing architecture increases with the size and type of environment. A larger environment that includes multiple departments, partners, or participants across the Web requires complex resource identification, policy management, authentication, encryption, and secure sandboxing functionality.

Administrators or others with rights can define which jobs and users get access to which systems, and who gets priority in various situations based on rank, deadlines, and the perceived importance of each project. Obviously, robust authentication, encryption, and sandboxing are necessary to prevent unauthorized access to systems and data within distributed systems that are meant to be inaccessible.

If you take the ideal of a distributed worldwide grid to the extreme, it requires standards and protocols for dynamic discovery and interaction of resources in diverse network environments and among different distributed computing architectures. Most distributed computing solutions also include toolkits, libraries, and API's for porting third party applications to work with their platform, or for creating distributed computing applications from scratch.

Distributed vs. Grid Computing
There are actually two similar trends moving in tandem--distributed computing and grid computing. Depending on how you look at the market, the two either overlap, or distributed computing is a subset of grid computing. Grid Computing got its name because it strives for an ideal scenario in which the CPU cycles and storage of millions of systems across a worldwide network function as a flexible, readily accessible pool that could be harnessed by anyone who needs it.

Sun defines a computational grid as "a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive, and inexpensive access to computational capabilities." Grid computing can encompass desktop PCs, but more often than not its focus is on more powerful workstations, servers, and even mainframes and supercomputers working on problems involving huge datasets that can run for days. And grid computing leans more to dedicated systems, than systems primarily used for other tasks.

Large-scale distributed computing of the variety we are covering usually refers to a similar concept, but is more geared to pooling the resources of hundreds or thousands of networked end-user PCs, which individually are more limited in their memory and processing power, and whose primary purpose is not distributed computing, but rather serving their user.

 Download :
Distributed computing seminar download
PPT

iPhone 9

 ,    


Abstract :
The front surface of the Apple iPhone has only one button -- the Home button. Pressing the Home button takes you to the main screen of the iPhone's graphical user interface. There, you can choose from the device's four primary functions using icons at the bottom of the phone:
Phone: 3G, GSM or EDGE cellular phone service as well as a visual voice mail menu
Mail: POP and IMAP e-mail access, including in-line pictures, HTML capabilities and push e-mail
Web: Safari Web browser
iPod: Music and videos

You can open the iPhone's other applications from the upper portion of the Home screen. These include a calendar, calculator, notepad, and widgets, or mini-applications made specifically for the iPhone. Older iPhones include a 2.0- or 3.2-megapixel camera and software you can use to organize your pictures -- the iPhone 4 ups the stakes with a 5-megapixel camera. You can also use an iPhone to check weather reports and stock quotes. Even though the iPhone doesn't support
Flash, which the YouTube site relies on, you can watch YouTube videos using the corresponding application. The keys and buttons you need to navigate each application appear only when you need them.

The shape of the screen changes when you need it to as well -- you can shift the perspective from vertical to horizontal by tilting the phone. An accelerometer inside the iPhone lets the operating system know to change the orientation of the image on the screen. This means that you can scroll through long lists of music files on a long, narrow screen, and you can watch movies in a widescreen format. You can learn more about accelerometers in How the Wii Works.

The iPhone principle

Yesterday Apple introduced the new iPhone. It features a very precise touch screen and some other sensors. On the first look it may only seem like a fancy phone that manages to get rid of buttons and integrate features of an iPod. But I think it is much more than that.

I believe Apple has really defined a new type of device. Just think for a second that it is not called iPhone — let’s say you don’t have any idea what an iPod, PDA or Smartphone is. So you have a device, that does communicate wirelessly through certain protocols, stores 8 Gigabyte of data, comes with this multi-touch display, mircophone, earphones, camera, speaker, volume control and a singular button on the front. The iPhone is not only a universal device — is a principle.

Now – just imagine apple would have just delivered the hardware to the open source community maybe with that OS X basis and some development tools to create apps. The screen could show any interface for whatever application you can think of. It is called “phone” so people can connect it to certain activities and they see an instant reason why they may buy one.

But let’s assume it is called “iHeld” or “iTouch”. Can you see why people will loose the competition against Apple in the very moment they try to make a competing phone?

I am very eager to see what tools Apple is going to provide for developers to create new applications for the “iPhone principle”.

 Download :
iPhone seminar download
PPT

Meta Search Engines

 ,    


Abstract :
To understand what a meta search engine is, first you have to understand how a search engine works. The search engine visits billions of websites and creates a database or repository of sorts of the various sites.
This is known as the index. Then whenever a user enters the search query, something magical happens (algorithms if you are a computer geek) and the pages that are deemed relevant to what you asked for are returned.
 Pretty simple, huh?  If only you could improve those magical algorithms you could create the next Google (although Google is smart enough to hire you instead!).

Definition
Meta search engines are search engine tools that pass queries on to many other search engines and/or directories and then summarize all the results in one handy interface.

Many people use meta search engines to get even more comprehensive results for their search query; for example, a simple search for "puppy" brings back images, videos, and multiple content suggestions.

Why Meta Search?

   Individual Search engines don’t cover all the web by themselves,
   Individual Search Engines are prone to spamming {people trying to raise their ranking profile. In a non-legitimate manner or to promote commerce}
   Difficulty in deciding and obtaining results with combined searches on different search engines,
   Data Fusion {multiple formats supported},
   In Case of niche search engines provides the ‘big picture’,
   Takes less effort.
User Interface
   Normally resemble search engine interfaces with options for
   Types of search [Media]
   Search Engines to Use
   Dispatcher
   Generates actual queries to the search engines by using the user query
   May involve choosing/expanding search engines to use

Display
Generates Results page from the replies received, May involve ranking, parsing, clustering of the search results or just plain stitching.
Personalization/Knowledge
May contain either or both Personalization may involve weighting of search results/query/engine for each user.

 Advantages
1. Searches all the major search engines at once so searching them all individually is not necessary
2. Has an easy to use toolbar available for download
3. Also allows you to search the white pages and yellow pages
4. Free and easy to use, similar format to other search engines
5. Customizable for user's preferences

Disadvantages
1. You will get a lot more results because it searches multiple engines so you have to be specific
2. Mainly provides only the main hits for the other search engines, so results that are more obscure on the other search engines may not show up, so you may not find what you want
3. Not as practical as say google or yahoo
4. Not very well known
5. Not really any more reliable than the other search engines

 Download :
meta search engines seminar download
PPT