Abstract :
Image processing
is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations
on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information
from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video
frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that
image. Usually Image Processing system includes treating images as two dimensional
signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them.
It is among
rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of
a business. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer
science disciplines too.
Image processing
basically includes the following three steps.
Importing the image with optical scanner or by
digital photography.
Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes
data compression and image enhancement and spotting patterns that are not to
human eyes like satellite photographs.
Output is the last stage in which result can be
altered image or report that is based on image analysis.
Purpose of Image processing
The purpose
of image processing is divided into 5 groups. They are:
1. Visualization - Observe the objects that
are not visible.
2. Image
sharpening and restoration - To create a better image.
3. Image
retrieval - Seek for the image of interest.
4. Measurement of pattern – Measures various
objects in an image.
5. Image
Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an image.
Types of Image
Processing
The two types
of methods used for Image Processing are Analog and Digital Image Processing.
Analog or visual techniques of image processing can be used for the hard copies
like printouts and photographs.
Image analysts
use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these visual techniques.
The image processing is not just confined to area that has to be studied but on
knowledge of analyst. Association is another important tool in image processing
through visual techniques. So analysts apply a combination of personal knowledge
and collateral data to image processing.
Digital Processing
techniques help in manipulation of the digital images by using computers. As raw
data from imaging sensors from satellite platform contains deficiencies.
To get over
such flaws and to get originality of information, it has to undergo various phases
of processing. The three general phases that all types of data have to undergo while
using digital technique are Pre- processing, enhancement and display, information
extraction.
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