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Lathe Machine

    


Abstract:
Lathe is one of the most important machine tools in the metal working industry. A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool.The cutting tool is feed into the work piece, which rotates about its own axis, causing the work piece to be formed to the desired shape.Lathe machine is also known as “the mother/father of the entire tool family”.


USES

Wood Lathing
The most traditional use for a lathe is in the field of woodworking. A lathe can be used to shape raw wooden posts into ornate columns, railing supports and table legs. An artisan will use a specialized set of knives and gouging tools to shape the wood as it rotates at high speeds on its axis.There is a danger associated with wood lathing in that choosing a piece of wood with a hidden knot can sometimes knock the piece of wood loose from the lathe or the knife from the hand of the woodworker. Choosing a quality piece of wood for lathing is therefore a prime safety concern.

Metal Lathing
Metal lathing has been a key element of the industrial revolution because a lathe is needed for creating the common screw, a fastener without which other high technology might not exist. The lathing of metal isn't limited to screw making though; another common use of the metal lathe is in making pots and pans. Aluminum is a particularity ideal materiel for lathe shaping items such as pots, as it is relatively malleable,compared to steel and far less expensive than copper. Metal lathes also are used in a plethora of other automated production scenarios.

Operations of Lathe Machine

(i) Facing: This operation is almost essential for all works. In this operation, as shown in fig., the work piece is held in the chuck and the facing tool is fed from the center of the work piece towards the outer surface or from the outer surface to the center, with the help of a cross-slide(
ii) Plane Turning: It is an operation of removing excess amount of material from the surface the surface of the cylinder work piece. In this operation, shown in fig., the work is held either in the chuck or between centers & the longitudinal feed is given to the tool either by hand or power.
(iii) Step Turning: It is an operation of producing various steps of different diameters of in the work piece as shown in fig. This operation is carried out in the similar way as plain turning.
(iv) Drilling : It is an operation of making a hole in a work piece with the help of a drill. In this case as shown in fig., the work piece, by rotating the tail stock hand wheel. The drill is fed normally, into the rotating work piece, by rotating the tail stock hand wheel.

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