Abstract :
Free Space Optics (FSO) communications,
also called Free Space Photonics (FSP) or Optical Wireless, refers to the
transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams through the atmosphere to obtain
optical communications. Like fiber, Free Space Optics (FSO) uses lasers to
transmit data, but instead of enclosing the data stream in a glass fiber, it is
transmitted through the air. Free Space Optics (FSO) works on the same basic principle as Infrared
television remote controls, wireless keyboards or wireless Palm devices.
Free Space Optics (FSO) transmits
invisible, eye-safe light beams from one "telescope" to another using
low power infrared laser in the teraHertz spectrum. The beams of light in Free Space
Optics (FSO) systems are transmitted by laser light focused on highly sensitive
photon detector receivers. These receivers are telescopic lenses able to
collect the photon stream and transmit digital data containing a mix of Internet messages, video
images, radio signals or computer files. Commercially available systems offer
capacities in the range of 100 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps, and demonstration systems
report data rates as high as 160 Gbps.
Free Space Optics (FSO) systems can function over distances of
several kilometers. As long as there is a clear line of sight between the
source and the destination, and enough transmitter power, Free Space Optics
(FSO) communication is possible.
Unlike radio and microwave systems,
Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical technology and no spectrum licensing or frequency
coordination with other users is required, interference from or to other
systems or equipment is not a concern, and the point-to-point laser signal is
extremely difficult to intercept, and therefore secure. Data rates comparable to optical
fiber transmission can be carried by Free Space Optics (FSO) systems with very
low error rates, while the extremely narrow laser beam widths ensure that there
is almost no practical limit to the number of separate Free Space Optics (FSO) links that can be
installed in a given location.
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