Abstract :
Underwater wireless communication is a
flourishing research area in the field of wireless communications. This paper
presents the overall framework of the necessity of underwater wireless systems,
characteristics of an acoustic channel, hardware and working of acoustic
modems, sensor networks and different communication architectures involved in
the sensor networks.
Applications till date, like oceanographic data
collection,AUVs(autonomous underwater vehicles),underwater radio etc.., future
challenges like effective transmission of video and audio signals by real time
monitoring have been emphasized with a view to overcome the present
limitations.
Wireless is a term used to describe the telecommunication in which
the electromagnetic waves carry the signal over part or all of the
communication path.
The signals that are used to carry
digital information through an underwater channel are not radio signals as electromagnetic waves
propogate over short distances. Instead acoustic waves are used which can
propogate over long distances.
Over the past decades, cabled
submersibles were used to discover the remains of titanic and hydrothermal
vents due to the burden and cost of heavy cables that must be used to establish
a high-speed communication between the remote end and the surface. To overcome such impediments,
underwater wireless communication has come into existence.
Wired underwater is not feasible in all
situations as shown below-:
Temporary experiments
Breaking of wires
Significant cost of deployment
Experiment over long distances.To cope up with above
situations, we require underwater wireless communication.
While wireless communication technology
today has become part of our daily life, the idea of wireless undersea
communications may still seem far-fetched. However, research has been active for over a
decade on designing the methods for wireless information transmission
underwater. Human knowledge and understanding of the world’s oceans, which
constitute the major part of our planet, rests on our ability to collect
information from remote undersea locations. The major discoveries of the past decades,
such as the remains of Titanic, or the hydro-thermal vents at bottom of deep
ocean, were made using cabled submersibles. Although such systems remain
indispensable if high-speed communication link is to exists between the remote end and the
surface, it is natural to wonder what one could accomplish without the burden
(and cost) of heavy cables. Hence the motivation, and
our interest in wireless underwater communications. Together with sensor technology and
vehicular technology, wireless communications will enable new applications
ranging from environmental monitoring to gathering of oceanographic data,
marine archaeology, and search and rescue missions.
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